India opens giant Hindu festival for 400 million pilgrims

Vast crowds of Hindu pilgrims in India began bathing in sacred waters on Monday as the Kumbh Mela festival opened, with organisers expecting 400 million people - the largest gathering of humanity.

The millennia-old Kumbh Mela, a show of religious piety and ritual bathing - and a logistical challenge of staggering proportions - is held at the site where the Ganges, Yamuna and mythical Saraswati rivers meet.

In the cool hours before sunrise, pilgrims surged forward to begin bathing in the waters.

"I feel great joy," said Surmila Devi, 45. "For me, it's like bathing in nectar."

Businesswoman Reena Rai's voice quivered with excitement as she spoke about the "religious reasons" that brought her to join the sprawling tents, packed along the river banks in the north Indian city of Prayagraj.

"As a Hindu, this is an unmissable occasion," the 38-year-old said, who travelled around 1,000 kilometres from Madhya Pradesh state to take part in the festival, which runs from Monday until February 26.

Saffron-robed monks and naked ash-smeared ascetics roamed the crowds offering blessings to devotees, many of whom had walked for weeks to reach the site.

"The world's largest spiritual and cultural gathering is starting," said Hindu monk and Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath in a statement, welcoming devotees to the festival to "experience unity in diversity, to meditate, and take a holy bath at the confluence of faith and modernity".

Organisers say the scale of the Kumbh Mela is that of a temporary country - with numbers expected to total around the combined populations of the United States and Canada.

"Some 350 to 400 million devotees are going to visit the mela, so you can imagine the scale of preparations," festival spokesman Vivek Chaturvedi said ahead of the opening.

Hindu monks carrying huge flags of their respective sects began marching towards the river on Sunday evening.

Tractors turned into chariots for life-size idols of Hindu gods rolled by behind them, accompanied by elephants, as pilgrims exulted in the beat of drums and honking horns.

The festival is rooted in Hindu mythology, a battle between deities and demons for control of a pitcher containing the nectar of immortality.

Organising authorities are calling it the great or "Maha" Kumbh Mela.

The riverside in Prayagraj has turned into a mammoth sea of tents -- some luxury, others simple tarpaulins.

Around 150,000 toilets have been built and a network of community kitchens can each feed up to 50,000 people at the same time.

Another 68,000 LED light poles have been erected for a gathering so large that its bright lights can be seen from space.

The last celebration at the site, the "ardh" or half Kumbh Mela in 2019, attracted 240 million pilgrims, according to the government.

That compares to an estimated 1.8 million Muslims who take part in the annual hajj pilgrimage to Mecca in Saudi Arabia.

Indian police said they were "conducting relentless day-and-night patrols to ensure top-notch security" for the event.

Authorities and the police have also set up a network of "lost and found" centres and an accompanying phone app to help pilgrims lost in the immense crowd "to reunite with their families".

India is the world's most populous nation, with 1.4 billion people, and so is used to large crowds.

Many pilgrims began taking dips in the chilly water on Sunday, braving rain, with temperatures on the banks dropping to around 15 degrees Celsius overnight.

But many pilgrims threw off their plastic sheets, insisting rain only added to the "pious mood" of the fair.

"Once you are in the water, you don't even feel cold," said 56-year-old devotee Chandrakant Nagve Patel. "I felt like I was one with god."

Hindus believe bathing there during the Kumbh helps cleanse sins and brings salvation.

Government employee Bhawani Baneree, who had come from the western state of Maharashtra, said the "vibrant atmosphere" had made his long journey worthwhile.

"Everything is so beautiful", he said.